Technical Documents Library

The Graham Technical Library contains articles developed by Graham Corporation for publication in various magazines and technical seminar presentations. The articles are organized in three categories; heat transfer, vacuum equipment, and steam surface condensers.

Author: Lines, Jim
Description: Jim Lines, Graham Corp., USA, outlines how a solid understanding of best practices for specifying, procuring, and operating steam surface condensers, as well as good maintenance and performance evaluation practices, can help fertilizer plants to achieve their operating objectives.
Description: Different types of vacuum pumps, piston, vane, dry, lobe, liquid ring, ejector, condenser, are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each type is provided
Description: Cost savings by considering the use of a variable frequency drive for a liquid ring pump system.
Description: How to properly install a liquid ring vacuum pump, determine what accessories and controls are necessary and troubleshooting tips.
Description: How to determine pressure drop, condensate leg height and other piping considerations for proper vacuum system design and operation
Description: How liquid ring vacuum pumps work and the factors to consider when sizing a liquid ring vacuum pump for the application.
Description: How ejectors work and properly operating ejectors and condensers is important in maximizing vacuum tower gas-oil yield
Description: How to optimize and select the most economical steam ejector, process condenser, liquid ring pump system for capital cost and utility cost.
Description: How liquid ring pumps work and what devices are used to control the operation of a liquid ring pump system for proper operation
Description: Steam-jet vacuum systems combine ejectors, condensers and interconnecting piping to provide relatively low-cost and low-maintenance vacuum pumping. These systems operate on the ejector-venturi principle, which relies on the momentum of a high-velocity jet of steam to move air and other gases from a connecting pipe or vessel.
Description: Detail design considerations involved in selecting steam ejector/liquid ring pump vacuum system for crude tower service. Materials of construction, energy utilization, packaging, system performance and flexibility will be addressed
Description: Steam jet ejector and liquid ring vacuum pump hybrid gas removal system for steam turbine generator and surface condenser venting of non-condensable gases in a Geothermal power plant system.